Simultaneous determination of 75 abuse drugs including amphetamines,benzodiazepines, cocaine,opioids, piperazines,zolpidem and metabolites in human hair samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of 75 abuse drugs and metabolites, including 19 benzodiazepines, 19 amphetamines, two opiates, eight opioids, cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide, zolpidem, three piperazines and 21 metabolites in human hair samples, was developed and validated. Ten‐milligram hair samples were decontaminated, pulverized using a ball mill, extracted with 1 mL of methanol spiked with 28 deuterated internal standards in an ultrasonic bath for 60 min at 50°C, and purified with Q‐sep dispersive solid‐phase extraction tubes. The purified extracts were evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in 0.1 mL of 10% methanol. The 75 analytes were analyzed on an Acquity HSS T3 column using gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid and quantified in multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization. Calibration curves were linear (r ≥ 0.9951) from the lower limit of quantitation (2–200 pg/mg depending on the drug) to 2000 pg/mg. The coefficients of variation and accuracy for intra‐ and inter‐assay analysis at three QC levels were 4.3–12.9% and 89.2–109.1%, respectively. The overall mean recovery ranged from 87.1 to 105.3%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of 11 forensic hair samples obtained from drug abusers.     

Computing upward topological book embeddings of upward planar digraphs

We describe a unified approach for studying book, point-set, and simultaneous embeddability problems of upward planar digraphs. The approach is based on a linear time strategy to compute an upward planar drawing of an upward planar digraph such that all vertices are collinear. Besides having impact in relevant application domains of graph drawing and computational geometry, the presented results open new research directions in the area of upward planarity with constraints of the positions of the vertices.     

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydrazine and nitrite based on Au nanoparticles decorated on the poly(Nile Blue) modified carbon nanotube

In this study, simultaneous determination of toxic hydrazine and nitrite was performed on composite electrodes of poly(Nile blue)(NB), carbon nanotube(CNT) and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs). The prepared AuNPs/CNT/poly(NB)/GCE was used for as a sensor platform for individual and simultaneous determination of hydrazine and nitrite. Electrodes were characterized by HRTEM, SEM, XPS, EIS. The LOD for nitrite and hydrazine was 5.0 μM and 3.1 μM at AuNP/CNT/poly(NB)/GCE, respectively. Also, sensitive amperometric determinations of hydrazine and nitrite were performed and LOD were calculated as 0.33 μM and 0.68 μM, respectively. The method was applied to sausage and river water samples and recovery results were obtained in the range 85–115 %.     

臭氧氧化结合湿法喷淋对玻璃窑炉烟气同时脱硫脱硝实验研究

采用臭氧氧化结合湿法喷淋对模拟玻璃窑炉烟气开展了同时脱硫脱硝实验研究.采用不同溶液(NaOH、Na₂S)进行了喷淋实验.结果表明,保证溶液pH值在10以上,NaOH浓度对NO_x脱除效率无影响,SO₂的存在促进了NO_x吸收.当O₃/NO物质的量比为1.6、溶液NaOH浓度为0.5%时,NO_x脱除效率可达70%,SO₂脱除效率在99%以上.往喷淋液中添加Na₂S,NO_x脱除效率随Na₂S浓度增加而提高,SO₂的存在对NO_x脱除效率无影响.当O₃/NO物质的量比为1.2、溶液中NaOH浓度为0.5%、添加剂Na₂S浓度为0.6%时,NO_x脱除效率可达70%,SO₂脱除效率在95%以上.60 min长时间运行实验证明,模拟烟气中的NO_x经碱液和添加剂吸收后主要以NO^-₂的形式存在于喷淋液中,且NO_x脱除效率不随溶液pH值的变化而变化.     

Simultaneous voltammetric determination of carbendazim and carbaryl in medicinal plant infusions with a boron-doped diamond electrode

This study is aimed to develop an electroanalytical methodology using a boron-doped diamond electrode to determine simultaneously and selectively carbendazim (CBZ) and carbaryl (CAR). In previous studies using cyclic voltammetry oxidation, peaks were observed at 1.03 V (CBZ) and 1.44 V (CAR), with characteristics of an irreversible process controlled by diffusion of species, with a supporting electrolyte of BR buffer (0.1 mol L^?1) and pH adjusted to 6.0. The differences between the potentials for both pesticides, about 400 mV, indicate the possibility of selective determination of CBZ and CAR. The square-wave voltammetric parameters were optimised. The best separation conditions were pH 6.0, square-wave frequency of 100 s^?1, pulse amplitude of 50 mV and scan increment of 2.0 mV. These parameters were used to obtain the calibration curves of CBZ and CAR. An analytical curve was constructed in the range concentration of CBZ of 1.3 mg L^?1 to 15.3 mg L^?1 and CAR of 1.0 mg L^?1 to 11.4 mg L^?1, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for CBZ were 0.40 mg L^?1 and 1.30 mg L^?1, respectively. For CAR, the LOD and LOQ were 0.30 mg L^?1 and 1.00 mg L^?1, respectively. Sensitivity values were 0.78 and 2.60 µA/mg L^?1 for CBZ and CAR, respectively. The electroanalytical method was applied in Mikania glomerata infusions. The recovery values were 106.2% and 116.5% for CBZ and CAR, respectively. The results show that the developed method is suitable for application in medicinal plant samples.     

Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Detection of Nitrate and Nitrite in Seawater Simultaneously Based on Partial Least Squares

A direct, reagent-free, ultraviolet spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of nitrate (NO₃⁻), nitrite (NO₂⁻), and salinity in seawater is presented. The method is based on measuring the absorption spectra of the raw seawater range of 200–300 nm, combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression for resolving the spectral overlapping of NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, and sea salt (or salinity). The interference from chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) UV absorbance was reduced according to its exponential relationship between 275 and 295 nm. The results of the cross-validation of calibration and the prediction sets were used to select the number of factors (4 for NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, and salinity) and to optimize the wavelength range (215–240 nm) with a 1 nm wavelength interval. The linear relationship between the predicted and the actual values of NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, salinity, and the recovery of spiked water samples suggest that the proposed PLS model can be a valuable alternative method to the wet chemical methods. Due to its simplicity and fast response, the proposed PLS model can be used as an algorithm for building nitrate and nitrite sensors. The comparison study of PLS and a classic least squares (CLS) model shows both PLS and CLS can give satisfactory results for predicting NO₃⁻ and salinity. However, for NO₂⁻ in some samples, PLS is superior to CLS, which may be due to the interference from unknown substances not included in the CLS algorithm. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, and salinity in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary water samples and the results are comparable with that determined by the colorimetric Griess assay.     

Landau damping of ion-acoustic waves with simultaneous effects of non-extensivity and non-thermality in the presence of hybrid Cairns-Tsallis distributed electrons

The dispersion properties and Landau damping rate of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) with the hybrid Cairns-Tsallis distributed (CTD) electrons and Maxwellian ions are investigated using the plasma kinetic model based on Vlasov-Poisson's equations. For both super-extensive (q < 1) and sub-extensive (q > 1) plasmas, the dielectric response function, real frequency, and Landau damping rate of IAWs are derived. By taking the effect of θ_{i, e} (ion-to-electron temperature ratio) into account, it is found that with the increase of ion temperature, the real frequency and wave dispersion effects increase as well (for both super-extensive and sub-extensive cases). Exploring the properties of the Landau damping rate of IAWs with the simultaneous presence of non-thermal parameter α and non-extensive parameter q, a comparison of numerical and analytical results is presented. It is found that in different ranges of θ_{e, i} (electron-to-ion temperature ratio), on decreasing the values of the non-extensive parameter and increasing values of the non-thermal parameter, the weak damping rate is observed (vice versa) in super-extensive or super-thermal plasma, although the trend of the damping rate in sub-thermal plasma is similar (as in the case of super-thermal plasma) but is less weak. It is further revealed that the damping rate of IAWs in thermal plasmas (Maxwellian) is stronger than the damping rate of IAWs in the case of non-thermal plasmas (CTD). The current study is applicable to provide deep insight and further allow the exploration of electrostatic plasma modes in different space and laboratory plasma environments where the hybrid CTD plasma exists.     

即时定位与制图辅助的INS/GPS组合导航系统

即时定位与制图可以在线构建环境特征地图同时利用所建地图辅助定位,可以建立基于特征地图的的地形辅助全自主式导航系统。当GPS信号有效时,导航系统利用INS/GPS组合方式进行精确导航,同时在线建立特征地图,并不断更新修正地图。当GPS信号无效的时候,之前建立的地图用来修正惯导误差,约束惯导误差在一定的范围内,达到精确导航的目的。将及时定位与制图在线制图的功能引入组合导航系统使得该系统具有在线跟踪路标制图和限制系统误差扩延的能力,此性能通过计算机仿真得到验证。     

转动盘一片系的循环对称模综

本文考察在任意恒定转速下叶片/轮盘系的固有模态分析,计及叶片预扭所引起的大变形效应.把群论算法用于子结构技术,通过联立迭代求出叶片/轮盘系在离心场中的平衡位置和应力分布,进而确定初应力刚度矩阵、大变形刚度矩阵,以及相应的动频模态.由于本方法考虑了叶片大变形的影响,且可消去子结构间的全体内连自由度。从而在确保精度的前提下,显著地压缩了计算的规模.实践证明本文提出的子结构联立迭代法有很好的收敛性,它使计算量有巨大的节省.